China’s factory activity shrank less sharply in May as COVID-19 curbs eased and some production resumed, a private sector survey showed on Wednesday, improving from a 26-month low in April.

The Caixin/Markit Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) rose to 48.1 in May from 46.0 the previous month and was slightly above a Reuters poll of 48.0.

May’s contraction was the second-sharpest slump since February 2020, suggesting the recovery remains fragile.

The 50-point index mark separates growth from contraction on a monthly basis.

Surveyed firms tied the output drop to the impact of lingering pandemic-related restrictions on operations and subdued customer demand.

A sub-index for new orders fell for the third consecutive month in May but at a slower pace. The gauge for new export orders also shrank less but remained in contraction for the 10th straight month.

Some firms blamed the weakness in orders to the pandemic, increased difficulties in shipping items as well as the Russia-Ukraine war.

The private survey, focusing more on small firms and coastal regions, was in line with Tuesday’s official manufacturing PMI which rose to 49.6 from 47.4 in April.

Given the easing of lockdowns in some regions where COVID cases dropped and the phased reopening of business activities in Shanghai, most sub-indexes under the Caixin PMI fell less sharply.

However, “unlike most other gauges, the employment measure fell further into negative territory in May,” said Wang Zhe, senior economist at Caixin Insight Group, in a statement accompanying the data release as employers were reluctant to hire more staff.

“The negative effects from the latest wave of domestic outbreaks may surpass those of 2020. It’s necessary for policymakers to pay attention to employment and logistics,” Wang said.

The average suppliers’ delivery times continued to lengthen sharply in May though logistics disruptions were not as widespread as in April.

Business confidence slipped to a five-month low amid concerns over the protracted COVID-19 restrictions and the war in Ukraine.

Even if policymakers strive to shore up the faltering economy, analysts say the COVID-19 control measures threaten Beijing’s “around 5.5%” growth target for the year.

“While its recovery from the first wave of COVID in early 2020 was aided by a surge in construction activity, property developers are now struggling to finance existing projects. They won’t launch new ones until there has been a marked pick-up in sales,” Neil Shearing, group chief economist at Capital Economics, said in a note on Tuesday.

Two years ago, the economy was underpinned by soaring global demand for consumer goods, but this is fading too as global spending on services rebounds, he said.

The Caixin PMI is compiled by S&P Global from responses to questionnaires sent to purchasing managers in China.