“We evaluate in this report the current state and trends of energy consumption in the European Union (EU), with a focus on the main consumer countries: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. The adoption of the first energy efficiency directive in 2012 has encouraged efforts to enhance energy efficiency across the region. The EU saw a 10% reduction in its primary energy consumption from 2012 to 2022. However, despite these improvements, primary energy consumption in 2022 was 27% above the European Union (EU) ambitious target of 993 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) for 2030. In 2022, EU primary energy consumption reached 1,259 Mtoe. A critical aspect of the EU energy profile is the dependency on imports, with Italy showing the highest reliance at 79%, while France maintained a lower rate of 52%.”
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Morten W. Langer
